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Bitcoin ABC 0.30.7
P2P Digital Currency
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Bitcoin ABC 0.30.7
P2P Digital Currency
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#include <stddef.h>Go to the source code of this file.
Classes | |
| struct | secp256k1_pubkey |
| Opaque data structure that holds a parsed and valid public key. More... | |
| struct | secp256k1_ecdsa_signature |
| Opaque data structured that holds a parsed ECDSA signature. More... | |
Typedefs | |
| typedef struct secp256k1_context_struct | secp256k1_context |
| Opaque data structure that holds context information (precomputed tables etc.). More... | |
| typedef struct secp256k1_scratch_space_struct | secp256k1_scratch_space |
| Opaque data structure that holds rewriteable "scratch space". More... | |
| typedef int(* | secp256k1_nonce_function) (unsigned char *nonce32, const unsigned char *msg32, const unsigned char *key32, const unsigned char *algo16, void *data, unsigned int attempt) |
| A pointer to a function to deterministically generate a nonce. More... | |
Variables | |
| SECP256K1_API const secp256k1_context * | secp256k1_context_no_precomp |
| A simple secp256k1 context object with no precomputed tables. More... | |
| SECP256K1_API const secp256k1_nonce_function | secp256k1_nonce_function_rfc6979 |
| An implementation of RFC6979 (using HMAC-SHA256) as nonce generation function. More... | |
| SECP256K1_API const secp256k1_nonce_function | secp256k1_nonce_function_default |
| A default safe nonce generation function (currently equal to secp256k1_nonce_function_rfc6979). More... | |
| #define SECP256K1_API |
Definition at line 143 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL | ( | _x | ) |
Definition at line 158 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_CONTEXT_DECLASSIFY (SECP256K1_FLAGS_TYPE_CONTEXT | SECP256K1_FLAGS_BIT_CONTEXT_DECLASSIFY) |
Definition at line 175 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_CONTEXT_NONE (SECP256K1_FLAGS_TYPE_CONTEXT) |
Definition at line 176 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_CONTEXT_SIGN (SECP256K1_FLAGS_TYPE_CONTEXT | SECP256K1_FLAGS_BIT_CONTEXT_SIGN) |
Definition at line 174 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_CONTEXT_VERIFY (SECP256K1_FLAGS_TYPE_CONTEXT | SECP256K1_FLAGS_BIT_CONTEXT_VERIFY) |
Flags to pass to secp256k1_context_create, secp256k1_context_preallocated_size, and secp256k1_context_preallocated_create.
Definition at line 173 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_EC_COMPRESSED (SECP256K1_FLAGS_TYPE_COMPRESSION | SECP256K1_FLAGS_BIT_COMPRESSION) |
Flag to pass to secp256k1_ec_pubkey_serialize.
Definition at line 179 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_EC_UNCOMPRESSED (SECP256K1_FLAGS_TYPE_COMPRESSION) |
Definition at line 180 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_FLAGS_BIT_COMPRESSION (1 << 8) |
Definition at line 169 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_FLAGS_BIT_CONTEXT_DECLASSIFY (1 << 10) |
Definition at line 168 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_FLAGS_BIT_CONTEXT_SIGN (1 << 9) |
Definition at line 167 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_FLAGS_BIT_CONTEXT_VERIFY (1 << 8) |
The higher bits contain the actual data.
Do not use directly.
Definition at line 166 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_FLAGS_TYPE_COMPRESSION (1 << 1) |
Definition at line 164 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_FLAGS_TYPE_CONTEXT (1 << 0) |
Definition at line 163 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_FLAGS_TYPE_MASK ((1 << 8) - 1) |
All flags' lower 8 bits indicate what they're for.
Do not use directly.
Definition at line 162 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_GNUC_PREREQ | ( | _maj, | |
| _min | |||
| ) | 0 |
Definition at line 117 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_INLINE |
Definition at line 127 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_TAG_PUBKEY_EVEN 0x02 |
Prefix byte used to tag various encoded curvepoints for specific purposes.
Definition at line 183 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_TAG_PUBKEY_HYBRID_EVEN 0x06 |
Definition at line 186 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_TAG_PUBKEY_HYBRID_ODD 0x07 |
Definition at line 187 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_TAG_PUBKEY_ODD 0x03 |
Definition at line 184 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_TAG_PUBKEY_UNCOMPRESSED 0x04 |
Definition at line 185 of file secp256k1.h.
| #define SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT |
Warning attributes NONNULL is not used if SECP256K1_BUILD is set to avoid the compiler optimizing out some paranoid null checks.
Definition at line 153 of file secp256k1.h.
| typedef struct secp256k1_context_struct secp256k1_context |
Opaque data structure that holds context information (precomputed tables etc.).
The purpose of context structures is to cache large precomputed data tables that are expensive to construct, and also to maintain the randomization data for blinding.
Do not create a new context object for each operation, as construction is far slower than all other API calls (~100 times slower than an ECDSA verification).
A constructed context can safely be used from multiple threads simultaneously, but API calls that take a non-const pointer to a context need exclusive access to it. In particular this is the case for secp256k1_context_destroy, secp256k1_context_preallocated_destroy, and secp256k1_context_randomize.
Regarding randomization, either do it once at creation time (in which case you do not need any locking for the other calls), or use a read-write lock.
Definition at line 46 of file secp256k1.h.
| typedef int(* secp256k1_nonce_function) (unsigned char *nonce32, const unsigned char *msg32, const unsigned char *key32, const unsigned char *algo16, void *data, unsigned int attempt) |
A pointer to a function to deterministically generate a nonce.
Returns: 1 if a nonce was successfully generated. 0 will cause signing to fail. Out: nonce32: pointer to a 32-byte array to be filled by the function. In: msg32: the 32-byte message hash being verified (will not be NULL) key32: pointer to a 32-byte secret key (will not be NULL) algo16: pointer to a 16-byte array describing the signature algorithm (will be NULL for ECDSA for compatibility). data: Arbitrary data pointer that is passed through. attempt: how many iterations we have tried to find a nonce. This will almost always be 0, but different attempt values are required to result in a different nonce.
Except for test cases, this function should compute some cryptographic hash of the message, the algorithm, the key and the attempt.
Definition at line 103 of file secp256k1.h.
| typedef struct secp256k1_scratch_space_struct secp256k1_scratch_space |
Opaque data structure that holds rewriteable "scratch space".
The purpose of this structure is to replace dynamic memory allocations, because we target architectures where this may not be available. It is essentially a resizable (within specified parameters) block of bytes, which is initially created either by memory allocation or TODO as a pointer into some fixed rewritable space.
Unlike the context object, this cannot safely be shared between threads without additional synchronization logic.
Definition at line 59 of file secp256k1.h.
| SECP256K1_API secp256k1_context * secp256k1_context_clone | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx | ) |
Copy a secp256k1 context object (into dynamically allocated memory).
This function uses malloc to allocate memory. It is guaranteed that malloc is called at most once for every call of this function. If you need to avoid dynamic memory allocation entirely, see the functions in secp256k1_preallocated.h.
Returns: a newly created context object. Args: ctx: an existing context to copy (cannot be NULL)
Definition at line 177 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API secp256k1_context * secp256k1_context_create | ( | unsigned int | flags | ) |
Create a secp256k1 context object (in dynamically allocated memory).
This function uses malloc to allocate memory. It is guaranteed that malloc is called at most once for every call of this function. If you need to avoid dynamic memory allocation entirely, see the functions in secp256k1_preallocated.h.
Returns: a newly created context object. In: flags: which parts of the context to initialize.
See also secp256k1_context_randomize.
Definition at line 152 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API void secp256k1_context_destroy | ( | secp256k1_context * | ctx | ) |
Destroy a secp256k1 context object (created in dynamically allocated memory).
The context pointer may not be used afterwards.
The context to destroy must have been created using secp256k1_context_create or secp256k1_context_clone. If the context has instead been created using secp256k1_context_preallocated_create or secp256k1_context_preallocated_clone, the behaviour is undefined. In that case, secp256k1_context_preallocated_destroy must be used instead.
Args: ctx: an existing context to destroy, constructed using secp256k1_context_create or secp256k1_context_clone
Definition at line 196 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_context_randomize | ( | secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| const unsigned char * | seed32 | ||
| ) |
Updates the context randomization to protect against side-channel leakage.
Returns: 1: randomization successfully updated or nothing to randomize 0: error Args: ctx: pointer to a context object (cannot be NULL) In: seed32: pointer to a 32-byte random seed (NULL resets to initial state)
While secp256k1 code is written to be constant-time no matter what secret values are, it's possible that a future compiler may output code which isn't, and also that the CPU may not emit the same radio frequencies or draw the same amount power for all values.
This function provides a seed which is combined into the blinding value: that blinding value is added before each multiplication (and removed afterwards) so that it does not affect function results, but shields against attacks which rely on any input-dependent behaviour.
This function has currently an effect only on contexts initialized for signing because randomization is currently used only for signing. However, this is not guaranteed and may change in the future. It is safe to call this function on contexts not initialized for signing; then it will have no effect and return 1.
You should call this after secp256k1_context_create or secp256k1_context_clone (and secp256k1_context_preallocated_create or secp256k1_context_clone, resp.), and you may call this repeatedly afterwards.
Definition at line 756 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API void secp256k1_context_set_error_callback | ( | secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| void(*)(const char *message, void *data) | fun, | ||
| const void * | data | ||
| ) |
Set a callback function to be called when an internal consistency check fails.
The default is crashing.
This can only trigger in case of a hardware failure, miscompilation, memory corruption, serious bug in the library, or other error would can otherwise result in undefined behaviour. It will not trigger due to mere incorrect usage of the API (see secp256k1_context_set_illegal_callback for that). After this callback returns, anything may happen, including crashing.
Args: ctx: an existing context object (cannot be NULL) In: fun: a pointer to a function to call when an internal error occurs, taking a message and an opaque pointer (NULL restores the default handler, see secp256k1_context_set_illegal_callback for details). data: the opaque pointer to pass to fun above.
See also secp256k1_context_set_illegal_callback.
Definition at line 212 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API void secp256k1_context_set_illegal_callback | ( | secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| void(*)(const char *message, void *data) | fun, | ||
| const void * | data | ||
| ) |
Set a callback function to be called when an illegal argument is passed to an API call.
It will only trigger for violations that are mentioned explicitly in the header.
The philosophy is that these shouldn't be dealt with through a specific return value, as calling code should not have branches to deal with the case that this code itself is broken.
On the other hand, during debug stage, one would want to be informed about such mistakes, and the default (crashing) may be inadvisable. When this callback is triggered, the API function called is guaranteed not to cause a crash, though its return value and output arguments are undefined.
When this function has not been called (or called with fn==NULL), then the default handler will be used. The library provides a default handler which writes the message to stderr and calls abort. This default handler can be replaced at link time if the preprocessor macro USE_EXTERNAL_DEFAULT_CALLBACKS is defined, which is the case if the build has been configured with –enable-external-default-callbacks. Then the following two symbols must be provided to link against:
Args: ctx: an existing context object (cannot be NULL) In: fun: a pointer to a function to call when an illegal argument is passed to the API, taking a message and an opaque pointer. (NULL restores the default handler.) data: the opaque pointer to pass to fun above.
See also secp256k1_context_set_error_callback.
Definition at line 203 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ec_privkey_negate | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| unsigned char * | seckey | ||
| ) |
Same as secp256k1_ec_seckey_negate, but DEPRECATED.
Will be removed in future versions.
Definition at line 632 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ec_privkey_tweak_add | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| unsigned char * | seckey, | ||
| const unsigned char * | tweak32 | ||
| ) |
Same as secp256k1_ec_seckey_tweak_add, but DEPRECATED.
Will be removed in future versions.
Definition at line 679 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ec_privkey_tweak_mul | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| unsigned char * | seckey, | ||
| const unsigned char * | tweak32 | ||
| ) |
Same as secp256k1_ec_seckey_tweak_mul, but DEPRECATED.
Will be removed in future versions.
Definition at line 728 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ec_pubkey_cmp | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| const secp256k1_pubkey * | pubkey1, | ||
| const secp256k1_pubkey * | pubkey2 | ||
| ) |
Compare two public keys using lexicographic (of compressed serialization) order.
Returns: <0 if the first public key is less than the second >0 if the first public key is greater than the second 0 if the two public keys are equal Args: ctx: a secp256k1 context object. In: pubkey1: first public key to compare pubkey2: second public key to compare
Definition at line 319 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ec_pubkey_combine | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| secp256k1_pubkey * | out, | ||
| const secp256k1_pubkey *const * | ins, | ||
| size_t | n | ||
| ) |
Add a number of public keys together.
Returns: 1: the sum of the public keys is valid. 0: the sum of the public keys is not valid. Args: ctx: pointer to a context object Out: out: pointer to a public key object for placing the resulting public key (cannot be NULL) In: ins: pointer to array of pointers to public keys (cannot be NULL) n: the number of public keys to add together (must be at least 1)
Definition at line 764 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ec_pubkey_create | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| secp256k1_pubkey * | pubkey, | ||
| const unsigned char * | seckey | ||
| ) |
Compute the public key for a secret key.
Returns: 1: secret was valid, public key stores 0: secret was invalid, try again Args: ctx: pointer to a context object, initialized for signing (cannot be NULL) Out: pubkey: pointer to the created public key (cannot be NULL) In: seckey: pointer to a 32-byte secret key (cannot be NULL)
Definition at line 599 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ec_pubkey_negate | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| secp256k1_pubkey * | pubkey | ||
| ) |
Negates a public key in place.
Returns: 1 always Args: ctx: pointer to a context object In/Out: pubkey: pointer to the public key to be negated (cannot be NULL)
Definition at line 636 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ec_pubkey_parse | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| secp256k1_pubkey * | pubkey, | ||
| const unsigned char * | input, | ||
| size_t | inputlen | ||
| ) |
Parse a variable-length public key into the pubkey object.
Returns: 1 if the public key was fully valid. 0 if the public key could not be parsed or is invalid. Args: ctx: a secp256k1 context object. Out: pubkey: pointer to a pubkey object. If 1 is returned, it is set to a parsed version of input. If not, its value is undefined. In: input: pointer to a serialized public key inputlen: length of the array pointed to by input
This function supports parsing compressed (33 bytes, header byte 0x02 or 0x03), uncompressed (65 bytes, header byte 0x04), or hybrid (65 bytes, header byte 0x06 or 0x07) format public keys.
Definition at line 278 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API int secp256k1_ec_pubkey_serialize | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| unsigned char * | output, | ||
| size_t * | outputlen, | ||
| const secp256k1_pubkey * | pubkey, | ||
| unsigned int | flags | ||
| ) |
Serialize a pubkey object into a serialized byte sequence.
Returns: 1 always. Args: ctx: a secp256k1 context object. Out: output: a pointer to a 65-byte (if compressed==0) or 33-byte (if compressed==1) byte array to place the serialized key in. In/Out: outputlen: a pointer to an integer which is initially set to the size of output, and is overwritten with the written size. In: pubkey: a pointer to a secp256k1_pubkey containing an initialized public key. flags: SECP256K1_EC_COMPRESSED if serialization should be in compressed format, otherwise SECP256K1_EC_UNCOMPRESSED.
Definition at line 296 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ec_pubkey_tweak_add | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| secp256k1_pubkey * | pubkey, | ||
| const unsigned char * | tweak32 | ||
| ) |
Tweak a public key by adding tweak times the generator to it.
Returns: 0 if the arguments are invalid or the resulting public key would be invalid (only when the tweak is the negation of the corresponding secret key). 1 otherwise. Args: ctx: pointer to a context object initialized for validation (cannot be NULL). In/Out: pubkey: pointer to a public key object. pubkey will be set to an invalid value if this function returns 0 (cannot be NULL). In: tweak32: pointer to a 32-byte tweak. If the tweak is invalid according to secp256k1_ec_seckey_verify, this function returns 0. For uniformly random 32-byte arrays the chance of being invalid is negligible (around 1 in 2^128) (cannot be NULL).
Definition at line 690 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ec_pubkey_tweak_mul | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| secp256k1_pubkey * | pubkey, | ||
| const unsigned char * | tweak32 | ||
| ) |
Tweak a public key by multiplying it by a tweak value.
Returns: 0 if the arguments are invalid. 1 otherwise. Args: ctx: pointer to a context object initialized for validation (cannot be NULL). In/Out: pubkey: pointer to a public key object. pubkey will be set to an invalid value if this function returns 0 (cannot be NULL). In: tweak32: pointer to a 32-byte tweak. If the tweak is invalid according to secp256k1_ec_seckey_verify, this function returns 0. For uniformly random 32-byte arrays the chance of being invalid is negligible (around 1 in 2^128) (cannot be NULL).
Definition at line 732 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ec_seckey_negate | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| unsigned char * | seckey | ||
| ) |
Negates a secret key in place.
Returns: 0 if the given secret key is invalid according to secp256k1_ec_seckey_verify. 1 otherwise Args: ctx: pointer to a context object In/Out: seckey: pointer to the 32-byte secret key to be negated. If the secret key is invalid according to secp256k1_ec_seckey_verify, this function returns 0 and seckey will be set to some unspecified value. (cannot be NULL)
Definition at line 617 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ec_seckey_tweak_add | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| unsigned char * | seckey, | ||
| const unsigned char * | tweak32 | ||
| ) |
Tweak a secret key by adding tweak to it.
Returns: 0 if the arguments are invalid or the resulting secret key would be invalid (only when the tweak is the negation of the secret key). 1 otherwise. Args: ctx: pointer to a context object (cannot be NULL). In/Out: seckey: pointer to a 32-byte secret key. If the secret key is invalid according to secp256k1_ec_seckey_verify, this function returns 0. seckey will be set to some unspecified value if this function returns 0. (cannot be NULL) In: tweak32: pointer to a 32-byte tweak. If the tweak is invalid according to secp256k1_ec_seckey_verify, this function returns 0. For uniformly random 32-byte arrays the chance of being invalid is negligible (around 1 in 2^128) (cannot be NULL).
Definition at line 663 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ec_seckey_tweak_mul | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| unsigned char * | seckey, | ||
| const unsigned char * | tweak32 | ||
| ) |
Tweak a secret key by multiplying it by a tweak.
Returns: 0 if the arguments are invalid. 1 otherwise. Args: ctx: pointer to a context object (cannot be NULL). In/Out: seckey: pointer to a 32-byte secret key. If the secret key is invalid according to secp256k1_ec_seckey_verify, this function returns 0. seckey will be set to some unspecified value if this function returns 0. (cannot be NULL) In: tweak32: pointer to a 32-byte tweak. If the tweak is invalid according to secp256k1_ec_seckey_verify, this function returns 0. For uniformly random 32-byte arrays the chance of being invalid is negligible (around 1 in 2^128) (cannot be NULL).
Definition at line 708 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ec_seckey_verify | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| const unsigned char * | seckey | ||
| ) |
Verify an ECDSA secret key.
A secret key is valid if it is not 0 and less than the secp256k1 curve order when interpreted as an integer (most significant byte first). The probability of choosing a 32-byte string uniformly at random which is an invalid secret key is negligible.
Returns: 1: secret key is valid 0: secret key is invalid Args: ctx: pointer to a context object (cannot be NULL) In: seckey: pointer to a 32-byte secret key (cannot be NULL)
Definition at line 576 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API int secp256k1_ecdsa_sign | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| secp256k1_ecdsa_signature * | sig, | ||
| const unsigned char * | msghash32, | ||
| const unsigned char * | seckey, | ||
| secp256k1_nonce_function | noncefp, | ||
| const void * | ndata | ||
| ) |
Create an ECDSA signature.
Returns: 1: signature created 0: the nonce generation function failed, or the secret key was invalid. Args: ctx: pointer to a context object, initialized for signing (cannot be NULL) Out: sig: pointer to an array where the signature will be placed (cannot be NULL) In: msghash32: the 32-byte message hash being signed (cannot be NULL) seckey: pointer to a 32-byte secret key (cannot be NULL) noncefp: pointer to a nonce generation function. If NULL, secp256k1_nonce_function_default is used ndata: pointer to arbitrary data used by the nonce generation function (can be NULL)
The created signature is always in lower-S form. See secp256k1_ecdsa_signature_normalize for more details.
Definition at line 561 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API int secp256k1_ecdsa_signature_normalize | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| secp256k1_ecdsa_signature * | sigout, | ||
| const secp256k1_ecdsa_signature * | sigin | ||
| ) |
Convert a signature to a normalized lower-S form.
Returns: 1 if sigin was not normalized, 0 if it already was. Args: ctx: a secp256k1 context object Out: sigout: a pointer to a signature to fill with the normalized form, or copy if the input was already normalized. (can be NULL if you're only interested in whether the input was already normalized). In: sigin: a pointer to a signature to check/normalize (cannot be NULL, can be identical to sigout)
With ECDSA a third-party can forge a second distinct signature of the same message, given a single initial signature, but without knowing the key. This is done by negating the S value modulo the order of the curve, 'flipping' the sign of the random point R which is not included in the signature.
Forgery of the same message isn't universally problematic, but in systems where message malleability or uniqueness of signatures is important this can cause issues. This forgery can be blocked by all verifiers forcing signers to use a normalized form.
The lower-S form reduces the size of signatures slightly on average when variable length encodings (such as DER) are used and is cheap to verify, making it a good choice. Security of always using lower-S is assured because anyone can trivially modify a signature after the fact to enforce this property anyway.
The lower S value is always between 0x1 and 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0, inclusive.
No other forms of ECDSA malleability are known and none seem likely, but there is no formal proof that ECDSA, even with this additional restriction, is free of other malleability. Commonly used serialization schemes will also accept various non-unique encodings, so care should be taken when this property is required for an application.
The secp256k1_ecdsa_sign function will by default create signatures in the lower-S form, and secp256k1_ecdsa_verify will not accept others. In case signatures come from a system that cannot enforce this property, secp256k1_ecdsa_signature_normalize must be called before verification.
Definition at line 431 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API int secp256k1_ecdsa_signature_parse_compact | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| secp256k1_ecdsa_signature * | sig, | ||
| const unsigned char * | input64 | ||
| ) |
Parse an ECDSA signature in compact (64 bytes) format.
Returns: 1 when the signature could be parsed, 0 otherwise. Args: ctx: a secp256k1 context object Out: sig: a pointer to a signature object In: input64: a pointer to the 64-byte array to parse
The signature must consist of a 32-byte big endian R value, followed by a 32-byte big endian S value. If R or S fall outside of [0..order-1], the encoding is invalid. R and S with value 0 are allowed in the encoding.
After the call, sig will always be initialized. If parsing failed or R or S are zero, the resulting sig value is guaranteed to fail validation for any message and public key.
Definition at line 385 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API int secp256k1_ecdsa_signature_parse_der | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| secp256k1_ecdsa_signature * | sig, | ||
| const unsigned char * | input, | ||
| size_t | inputlen | ||
| ) |
Parse a DER ECDSA signature.
Returns: 1 when the signature could be parsed, 0 otherwise. Args: ctx: a secp256k1 context object Out: sig: a pointer to a signature object In: input: a pointer to the signature to be parsed inputlen: the length of the array pointed to be input
This function will accept any valid DER encoded signature, even if the encoded numbers are out of range.
After the call, sig will always be initialized. If parsing failed or the encoded numbers are out of range, signature validation with it is guaranteed to fail for every message and public key.
Definition at line 369 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API int secp256k1_ecdsa_signature_serialize_compact | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| unsigned char * | output64, | ||
| const secp256k1_ecdsa_signature * | sig | ||
| ) |
Serialize an ECDSA signature in compact (64 byte) format.
Returns: 1 Args: ctx: a secp256k1 context object Out: output64: a pointer to a 64-byte array to store the compact serialization In: sig: a pointer to an initialized signature object
See secp256k1_ecdsa_signature_parse_compact for details about the encoding.
Definition at line 418 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API int secp256k1_ecdsa_signature_serialize_der | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| unsigned char * | output, | ||
| size_t * | outputlen, | ||
| const secp256k1_ecdsa_signature * | sig | ||
| ) |
Serialize an ECDSA signature in DER format.
Returns: 1 if enough space was available to serialize, 0 otherwise Args: ctx: a secp256k1 context object Out: output: a pointer to an array to store the DER serialization In/Out: outputlen: a pointer to a length integer. Initially, this integer should be set to the length of output. After the call it will be set to the length of the serialization (even if 0 was returned). In: sig: a pointer to an initialized signature object
Definition at line 406 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ecdsa_verify | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| const secp256k1_ecdsa_signature * | sig, | ||
| const unsigned char * | msghash32, | ||
| const secp256k1_pubkey * | pubkey | ||
| ) |
Verify an ECDSA signature.
Returns: 1: correct signature 0: incorrect or unparseable signature Args: ctx: a secp256k1 context object, initialized for verification. In: sig: the signature being verified (cannot be NULL) msghash32: the 32-byte message hash being verified (cannot be NULL). The verifier must make sure to apply a cryptographic hash function to the message by itself and not accept an msghash32 value directly. Otherwise, it would be easy to create a "valid" signature without knowledge of the secret key. See also https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/81116/35586 for more background on this topic. pubkey: pointer to an initialized public key to verify with (cannot be NULL)
To avoid accepting malleable signatures, only ECDSA signatures in lower-S form are accepted.
If you need to accept ECDSA signatures from sources that do not obey this rule, apply secp256k1_ecdsa_signature_normalize to the signature prior to validation, but be aware that doing so results in malleable signatures.
For details, see the comments for that function.
Definition at line 450 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT secp256k1_scratch_space * secp256k1_scratch_space_create | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| size_t | size | ||
| ) |
Create a secp256k1 scratch space object.
Returns: a newly created scratch space. Args: ctx: an existing context object (cannot be NULL) In: size: amount of memory to be available as scratch space. Some extra (<100 bytes) will be allocated for extra accounting.
Definition at line 221 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API void secp256k1_scratch_space_destroy | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| secp256k1_scratch_space * | scratch | ||
| ) |
Destroy a secp256k1 scratch space.
The pointer may not be used afterwards. Args: ctx: a secp256k1 context object. scratch: space to destroy
Definition at line 226 of file secp256k1.c.
| SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_tagged_sha256 | ( | const secp256k1_context * | ctx, |
| unsigned char * | hash32, | ||
| const unsigned char * | tag, | ||
| size_t | taglen, | ||
| const unsigned char * | msg, | ||
| size_t | msglen | ||
| ) |
Compute a tagged hash as defined in BIP-340.
This is useful for creating a message hash and achieving domain separation through an application-specific tag. This function returns SHA256(SHA256(tag)||SHA256(tag)||msg). Therefore, tagged hash implementations optimized for a specific tag can precompute the SHA256 state after hashing the tag hashes.
Returns 0 if the arguments are invalid and 1 otherwise. Args: ctx: pointer to a context object Out: hash32: pointer to a 32-byte array to store the resulting hash In: tag: pointer to an array containing the tag taglen: length of the tag array msg: pointer to an array containing the message msglen: length of the message array
Definition at line 788 of file secp256k1.c.
|
extern |
A simple secp256k1 context object with no precomputed tables.
These are useful for type serialization/parsing functions which require a context object to maintain API consistency, but currently do not require expensive precomputations or dynamic allocations.
Definition at line 84 of file secp256k1.c.
|
extern |
A default safe nonce generation function (currently equal to secp256k1_nonce_function_rfc6979).
Definition at line 503 of file secp256k1.c.
|
extern |
An implementation of RFC6979 (using HMAC-SHA256) as nonce generation function.
If a data pointer is passed, it is assumed to be a pointer to 32 bytes of extra entropy.
Definition at line 502 of file secp256k1.c.
1.9.4